Supervisor Cultural Humility and Supervisee Nondisclosure: The Supervisory Working Alliance Matters.

Given that half or more of supervisees (therapist trainees) never have their clinical work monitored or observed, supervisees who withhold salient information in clinical supervision compromise supervisors' ability to monitor client welfare and promote supervisees' professional development. Attempting to further understand the factors explaining supervisee nondisclosure, we tested the supervisory working alliance as a mediator of the hypothesized inverse relations of cultural humility and collaborative supervision with supervisee nondisclosure (supervision-related and clinically-related nondisclosure) among a diverse sample of 214 supervisees in applied psychology and allied mental health programs. Results supported the hypotheses that (1) descriptively, supervision-related nondisclosure was more prominent than clinically-related nondisclosure, (2) cultural humility substantially inversely predicted supervisee nondisclosure, and (3) the supervisory working alliance fully mediated the inverse relations of cultural humility and collaborative supervision with supervisee nondisclosure. Understanding the mechanisms underlying supervisee nondisclosure have broad implications for clinicians and researchers alike.

From the voices of supervisees: What is reflective supervision and how does it support their work? (Part I).

Reflective supervision/consultation (RS/C) is a relationship for learning that embraces reflection and reflective practice strategies. It is considered best practice within the infant and early childhood mental health (IECMH) field. Based on research with supervisors, essential components of RS/C have been operationalized and used to develop evaluative tools. Little is known, however, about the essential components that supervisees find most useful. This paper, part I of a two-part series, describes the essential components that supervisees identify as fundamental and ways they believe their work is supported by participation in RS/C. Fifty IECMH professionals located in the United States who received RS/C participated in focus groups or individual interviews. Data were analyzed using a Grounded Theory approach. Essential components of RS/C from the supervisee perspective included supervisee feelings of safety, the development of trust, holding a non-judgmental stance, being available and present, and consistency and predictability. Additionally, supervisees identified outcomes of RS/C that included components of professional wellness, personal growth, and infant and family engagement. This study adds the supervisee's voice to the identification and operationalization of essential RS/C components and elucidates outcomes of RS/C that supervisees view as connected to their professional role.

La supervisión/consulta con reflexión (RS/C) es una relación para el aprendizaje (Fenichel, 1992) que abarca la reflexión y las estrategias de reflexión en la práctica. La misma es considerada como una de las buenas prácticas dentro del campo de la salud mental del infante y la temprana niñez (IECMH). Con base en la investigación con supervisores, los componentes esenciales de RS/C han sido puestos en operación y usados para desarrollar herramientas de evaluación. Sin embargo, poco se sabe acerca de los componentes esenciales que los supervisados ven como los más útiles. Este ensayo, primera parte de una serie de dos partes, describe los componentes esenciales que los supervisados identifican como fundamentales y las maneras como ellos creen que su trabajo es apoyado por la participación en RS/C. Cincuenta profesionales de IECMH que recibieron RS/C participaron en grupos de enfoque o entrevistas individuales. Se analizaron los datos usando un acercamiento de la Teoría Fundamentada. Entre los componentes esenciales de RS/C desde la perspectiva del supervisado se incluyen los sentimientos de seguridad del supervisado, el desarrollo de la confianza, el mantener una actitud imparcial, estar disponible y presente, y consistencia y previsibilidad. Adicionalmente, los supervisados identificaron resultados de RS/C que incluyen componentes de bienestar profesional, crecimiento personal, así como la participación del infante y la familia. Este estudio agrega la voz del supervisado a la identificación y funcionamiento de los componentes esenciales de RS/C y dilucida resultados de RS/C que los supervisados ven como conectados con su papel profesional.

La supervision / consultation réflexive (RS/C pour reprendre l'anglais) est une relation d'apprentissage (Fenichel, 1992) qui embrasse la réflexion et des stratégies de pratique réflective. Elle est considérée comme étant la meilleure pratique au sein du domaine de la santé mentale du nourrisson et de la petite enfance. A partir des recherches avec des superviseurs les composants essentiels de la RS/C ont été opérationnalisés et utilisés pour développer des outils évaluatifs. On sait peu de choses, cependant, sur les composants essentiels que les personnes supervisées estiment être les plus utiles. Cet article, la première partie d'une série de deux parties, décrit les composants essentiels que les personnes supervisées identifient comme étant fondamentaux et les manières dont ils estiment que leur travail est soutenu par la participation à la RS/C. Cinquante professionnels de la santé mentale du nourrisson et de la petite enfance se trouvant aux Etats-Unis et ayant reçu la RS/C ont participé à des groupes de discussion ou à des entretiens individuels. Les données ont été analysées en utilisant une approche de Théorie Ancrée. Les composants essentiels à la RS/C du point de vue des personnes supervisées ont inclus le sentiment de sûreté de la personne supervisée, le développement de la confiance, le fait de ne pas juger, le fait d'être disponible et présent, ainsi que la cohérence et la prévisibilité. De plus les personnes supervisées ont identifié des résultats de la RS/C qui ont inclus des composants de bien-être professionnel, d'épanouissement personnel et d'engagement avec le nourrisson et la famille. Cette étude ajoute la voix de la personne supervisée à l'identification et à l'opérationnalisation des composants essentiels de la RS/C et élucide les résultats de la RS/C que les personnes supervisées considèrent comme étant lié à leur rôle professionnel.

Confidências e inconfidências na supervisão psicanalítica como convergência dos três modelos de formação / Confidences and inconfidences in psychoanalytical supervision as a convergence of the three models of training / Confidencias e infidencias en la supervisión psicoanalítica como convergencia de los tres modelos de formación

A supervisão foi concebida sob a forma de diagramas, cujas estruturas expressam como o autor organiza e executa sua prática supervisiva. Dentro disso, confidências são entendidas como provenientes do supervisionando, expressas pelo material clínico e demais manifestações. Por outro lado, inconfidências são aquelas intervenções feitas pelo supervisor ao revelar intimidades do que pensa sobre o material clínico, sobre o supervisionando e, desdobrando-se, sobre a sua própria experiência analítica. Repactuar experiências diversas, em setting distintos e de temporalidades anacrônicas, é o desafio imposto à dupla sob a forma de o estranho, conceito equivalente ao de objeto analítico ou de objeto analítico subjugador. De acordo com a técnica e com a estrutura usadas, o presente modelo de supervisão pode ser aplicado a qualquer supervisionando em treinamento da IPA, funcionando na convergência desses três modelos. O trabalho finaliza com um exemplo clínico, através do qual o autor procura ilustrar o exposto (Au)

Supervision was conceived as diagrams, whose structures express how the author organizes and executes their own supervisory practice. Within this, confidences are understood as coming from the supervisee, expressed by the clinical material and other manifestations. On the other hand, inconfidences are those interventions made by the supervisor, unveiling intimacies of their thoughts on the clinical material, on the supervisee, and unfolding over their own analytical experience. Conciliate different experiences, in different settings and anachronistic temporalities is the challenge imposed upon the pair in the form of uncanny, a concept ­ in this paper ­ equivalent to that of analytic object, intersubjective analytic third or "subjugating third". According to the technique and structure used, this model of supervision can be used for any supervisee in training by IPA, functioning in the intersection of these three models. This paper ends with a clinical example, by which the author tries to illustrate the above (Au)

La supervisión se concibió en forma de diagramas, cuyas estructuras expresan cómo el autor organiza y ejecuta su práctica supervisora. Dentro de eso, se entiende que las confidencias provienen del supervisado, expresadas por material clínico y demás manifestaciones. Por otro lado, las infidencias son aquellas intervenciones que realiza el supervisor al revelar intimidades de lo que piensa sobre el material clínico, sobre la persona supervisada y, desplegándose, sobre su propia experiencia analítica. Pactar otra vez diferentes experiencias, en diferentes settings y con temporalidades anacrónicas, es el desafío que se le impone al dúo en la forma de uncanny, concepto equivalente al de objeto analítico u objeto analítico subyugador. De acuerdo con la técnica y estructura utilizadas, el presente modelo de supervisión se puede aplicar a cualquier supervisado en formación de la IPA, funcionando en la convergencia de estos tres modelos. El trabajo finaliza con un ejemplo clínico, a través del cual el autor intenta ilustrar lo anterior (Au)

[Manual for "Junior Doctors" in medical oncology]. / Guide sur le rôle du « Docteur Junior ¼ en oncologie médicale.

The reform of medical residency introduced in 2017 established the position of Junior Doctor, for its last phase, called the consolidation phase. Its goal is the increasing and supervised autonomy of the resident, in order to better support the transition toward senior practitioner. It appears necessary to define proper guidelines on the status and the specific role of Junior Doctor in medical oncology, in order to help the implementation of the reform of the 3rd cycle. This document is the result of a collaboration between AERIO and CNEC, that respectively represent medical oncology residents and university teachers. It aims to advise and guide local practices, without being compulsory, before the arrival of the first Junior Doctors in November 2021. It explains the Junior Doctors' principal jobs: consultation, multidisciplinary meeting, day clinic, hospitalization, clinical research, quality policy and teaching.

[Application of the « Junior Doctor ¼ status in Radiation Oncology]. / Guide du Docteur Junior en oncologie-radiothérapie.

Introduced in 2017, the reform of the 3rd cycle has modified the organization of the residency in all specialties, and in particular radiation oncology. The residency was thus divided into 3 phases with increasing knowledge and responsibilities. The latter, carried out under the status of "junior doctor", created and defined by decree n°2018-571 of July 3, 2018 and the decree of January 16, 2020, is a phase of supervised autonomy of the resident. Radiotherapy is a singular specialty, with multiple and complex activities, and requires multiple skills. A guide defining the status of the "Junior Doctor" in radiation oncology therefore appears necessary, defining each resident's role and obligations. This guide is of an advisory nature and must be adapted to the particularities of each department. This guide aims to help the implementation of the reform of the 3rd cycle in radiation oncology and especially the final year called the consolidation phase. It is destined to evolve, expanded by individual and collective feedback and the constant renewal of our speciality.

Assessing therapist development: Reliability and validity of the Supervisee Levels Questionnaire (SLQ-R).

BACKGROUND: Therapist development is a crucial target for clinical training in order to ensure high-quality psychotherapy. A major challenge in examining therapeutic development is the assessment of developmental processes. The Supervisee Levels Questionnaire (SLQ-R) was analyzed in this study to examine its validity, reliability, and underlying dimensional structure. METHOD: Seven hundred and sixty therapists participated in an online survey concerning their current psychotherapy training. The factor structure as well as the validity of the SLQ-R were investigated using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. RESULTS: In line with the results of the exploratory factor analyses, a Bifactor ESEM (exploratory structural equation modeling) model with two factors and one global factor provided the best fit to the data. The two factors were labeled professional self-confidence and professional insecurity. CONCLUSION: Empirical support for reliability and validity of the new factor structure of the SLQ-R was found. The instrument is useful for assessing the therapist's developmental level.

Taking Full Responsibility: the Ethics of Supervision in Behavior Analytic Practice.

The supervision of professionals in the field of behavior analysis is multifaceted. The BACB® Professional and Ethical Compliance Code for Behavior Analysis provides guidance for effective supervisory practices, as supervision impacts both the supervisee and the consumers. The purpose of this article is (1) to discuss rationales and consequences relative to supervision issues, (2) to provide directions for professional development in each of the seven identified supervisory areas within the code, and (3) to set the occasion for critical discourse relative to supervision. Case examples are used to illustrate each of the seven supervisory subcomponents of the "Behavior Analysts as Supervisors" section of the Code. A rationale is provided for each component, as well as a discussion of possible undesirable consequences resulting from not following the rule. While the code provides clear expectations of the desired behavior, this article explores more of the subtle nuances inherent in each section of the supervision code, with the goal of achieving a better understanding of the Code and enhancing supervisory skills.

Quality of supervision: postgraduate dental research trainees' perspectives.

INTRODUCTION: Supervision is a pillar in enhancing the student's learning environment throughout her/his higher education. Multiple studies qualify graduate supervision among the most important contributors to the successful completion of a higher education degree and to graduate students' positive academic experience. The aim of this study was to assess the views of graduate students enrolled in the Dental Sciences and Craniofacial Research Graduate Programs at McGill University (n = 64) regarding the quality of supervision they are receiving. METHODS AND MATERIALS: An online questionnaire composed of 22 open and closed-ended format items was used and covered five domains: student profile, supervisory relationship, conflict resolution, student progress/thesis writing and career development. Descriptive statistics, chi-square tests and interpretative qualitative analysis were used to evaluate students' perspectives. RESULTS: Fifty-nine students completed the survey (92.2%). The distribution of sample in regard to the graduate student level was almost identical (M.Sc. level n = 28, Ph.D. n = 31). Overall, most graduate students appeared satisfied with the supervision they received and had similar perspectives about the surveyed domains. There was one statistically significant difference (P < 0.05) between MSc and PhD students when asked if their supervisors aided them in career development outside the supervisory relationship, where 77.4% (n = 24) of doctoral students agreed as opposed to 21.4% (n = 12) of Masters' students. CONCLUSIONS: Our results showed that McGill graduate students appeared to be overall satisfied with the supervision they received. The main elements contributing to a positive supervision experience were support, guidance, availability and good communication between supervisees and supervisors.

Supervising Culturally Informed Modified Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy.

Supervision can be a dynamic and fluid process where the relationship between a supervisor and supervisee evolves and enhances the supervisee's knowledge, attitudes, and skills through the use of various assessments and interventions. As a student encounters clients who have experienced trauma, Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (TF-CBT)-an empirically based model-can be implemented with diverse populations. Supervisors must ensure that the supervisees can adequately adapt TF-CBT to maintain the fidelity of the model while addressing the contextual variables of the client. Specifically, supervisors must ensure that supervisees have a solid understanding of trauma, child development, and the culture they are addressing. This article will address the role supervisors must take to teach supervisees how to implement the components of TF-CBT, including both application and collection of outcome measurements; how the model can be modified to reflect culturally informed practices; and how supervisors can process with supervisees the challenges of working with trauma-related cases.